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Article History

Received: 6 December 2025

Accepted: 9 January 2026

First Online: 1 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Nicholas E Tan: SpyGlass Pharma—consultant. Gregory Katz: SpyGlass Pharma—medical monitor, investigator; Alcon—consultant, speaker; Bausch + Lomb—consultant, speaker; Eyenovia—consultant; New World Medical—consultant; Sun Pharma—consultant. Marco Robles: SpyGlass Pharma—consultant, investigator; Aquea Health—consultant, investigator, shareholder; Bausch + Lomb—consultant, investigator; Glaukos—consultant, investigator; iSTAR Medical—consultant, investigator; New World Medical—consultant, investigator; ViaLase—consultant, investigator, shareholder. Preeya K Gupta: SpyGlass Pharma—consultant, medical advisory board member, shareholder; Abbvie—consultant; Alcon—consultant; Aldeyra—consultant; Azura—consultant, shareholder; Bausch + Lomb—consultant; Dompe—consultant; Expert Opinion—consultant, shareholder; HanAll Biopharma—consultant; J&J Vision—consultant; Kala—consultant; Mazado—consultant; Nordic Pharma—consultant; Ocular Science—consultant; Oculis—consultant; Orasis—consultant, shareholder; Sight Sciences—consultant; Science Based Health—consultant; Surface Ophthalmics—consultant, shareholder; Tarsus—consultant, shareholder; Tear Clear—consultant, shareholder; Thea—consultant; Tissue Tech, Inc—consultant; Trukera—consultant; Viatris—consultant; Visionology—consultant, shareholder; Vital Tears—consultant; Zeiss—consultant. Malik Kahook: SpyGlass Pharma—president, patent royalties; Alcon—patent royalties; FCI Ophthalmics—consultant, patent royalties; New World Medical—consultant, patent royalties. Glenn Sussman: SpyGlass Pharma—employee. Paul Yoo: SpyGlass Pharma—employee. Nathan M Radcliffe: SpyGlass Pharma—consultant, medical advisory board member, shareholder; Alcon Laboratories—consultant, speaker; Aldeyra Therapeutics—consultant; Alimera Sciences—consultant, speaker; Allergan—consultant, speaker, grant support; Avellino Labs—consultant; Bausch + Lomb—consultant, speaker; Beaver-Visitec International—consultant; Belkin Laser—consultant; Carl Zeiss Meditec—consultant; Dompe—consultant; Elios Vision—consultant; Ellex—consultant, speaker; EyePoint Pharmaceuticals—consultant; Glaukos Corporation—consultant, speaker; ImprimisRx—consultant; Iridex—consultant, speaker; IrisVision—consultant; Iveric Bio—consultant; Kala Pharmaceuticals—consultant, speaker; Lumenis Vision—consultant, speaker; New World Medical—consultant, speaker; Novartis Pharma AG—consultant, speaker; Ocular Therapeutix—consultant, grant support; Omeros Corporation—consultant; Orasis Pharmaceuticals—consultant; Quantel Medical—consultant; Rayner—consultant, speaker; Reichert—consultant, speaker; Santen—consultant; Shire—consultant; Tarsus Pharmaceuticals—consultant; TearClear—consultant, shareholder; Thea—consultant; ViaLase Inc—consultant.

: The study was approved by the National Health Research Ethics Committee in El Salvador (CNEIS/2022/01H). The study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and subsequent amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.