Han, SolAh
Tran, Chau Thi Ngoc
Yang, Jee Myung
Kim, Yoon Jeon
Kim, June-Gone
Yoon, Young Hee
Lee, Junyeop https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-8033
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (RS-2024-00438689)
Article History
Received: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
:
: SolAh Han, Chau Thi Ngoc Tran, Junyeop Lee, Young Hee Yoon, June-Gone Kim, Yoon Jeon Kim and Jee Myung Yang declare no competing interests.
: This study included both a retrospective observational component and a separate prospective clinical component. The retrospective analysis was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea (IRB No. 2025-1125). For the prospective arm, participants were enrolled at the Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, as part of an independent study approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB No. 2025-0575). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians prior to enrollment. No identifying personal information is included in this manuscript.