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Article History

Received: 6 January 2026

Accepted: 10 February 2026

First Online: 4 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Justus G. Garweg: Advisor and speaker for several pharmaceutical companies. Contributes to several international industry-sponsored clinical studies in the fields of retinal disease and uveitis (AbbVie, Bayer, Novartis, Roche). This manuscript is independent of these activities. Marion R. Munk: Consultant for AbbVie, Allergan, Acucela, Aviceda Therapeutics, Alimera, Bayer, LumiThera, OD-OS, Isarna Therapeutics, Roche, Novartis, Oculis, OcuTerra, genesight Therapeutics, Kubota, Böhringer-Ingelheim, EyePoint, Ocular Therapeutix, Apellis, Astellas, Zeiss, RetinAI, Dandelion. Andreas Weinberger: Payed consultant and/or lecturer for AbbVie, Apellis, Bayer, Roche, Sandoz. Sandrine Zweifel: Consultant and advisor for Alcon, Allergan, Apellis, Bayer, Endogena, Novartis, Roche, and Zeiss and grant support from Bayer, Novartis, and Roche outside the submitted work. Gabor Márk Somfai: consultant for Apellis, Allergan, Astellas, Bayer, Carl Zeiss, Roche. Nicolas Feltgen: Consultant and lecturer for Apellis, Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Heidelberg Ing. Katja Hatz: Advisory board participant and lecturer for Apellis, Bayer, Roche, AbbVie/Allergan, Novartis; contract research and/or grant support for Bayer, Roche, AbbVie/Allergan, Novartis. Moreno Menghini: consultant for Alcon, Apellis, Astellas, Bayer, and Roche. Lecturer for Bayer and Roche. Grant support from Bayer and Roche. Aude Ambresin: consultant for Bayer, Novartis, Roche, Apellis, and EarlySight; lecturer fees from Optovue, AbbVie, Novartis, Bayer, Roche, Apellis, Astellas, and RetinAI. Chiara M. Eandi: advisory board participant and lecturer for AbbVie, Apellis, Astellas, Bayer, and Roche. Alice M. Kitay, Anne Tillmann, Isabel Pfister, Christin Schild, Matteo Bonanata, Katharina Heck, Tahm Spitznagel, Felix Gabathuler, Nicolo Bartolomeo, Simon Magnin, Jordan Löliger, and Malaika M. Kurz-Levin have nothing to disclose.

: The study was approved by all participating ethics committees, led by the Ethics Committee of the canton of Berne (registration no. 2024–01026). Coded patient data were included based on general or specific informed consent, in line with the International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) E6 guidelines, the Declaration of Helsinki, and Swiss law.