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Authors
Pazo, Emmanuel Eric
Liu, Xiangying
Liu, Shoukuan
Zhang, Qinru
Zhang, Mingxuan
Zhang, Zhihui
Moutari, Salissou
Usama, Muhammad
Ren, Xinjun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-2069
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82160202)
Tianjin Health Science and Technology Project, Special Project for High-level Talents (TJWJ2024RC005)
Tianjin Education Commission Research Program Project, Key Project in Natural Sciences (2023ZD016)
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality (23JCQNJC00690)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: Emmanuel Eric Pazo, Xiangying Liu, Shoukuan Liu, Qinru Zhang, Mingxuan Zhang, Zhihui Zhang, Salissou Moutari, Muhammad Usama, and Xinjun Ren have nothing to disclose.
: The study was approved by the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital ethics board (2025KY-76) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants for study participation and for the use of de-identified data in analyses and publications. Written informed consent for publication of Fig. was obtained from the patient.
