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Article History

Received: 2 February 2026

Accepted: 25 February 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Tariq M Aslam is an Editor-in-Chief of Ophthalmology and Therapy. Tariq Aslam was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript, nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions. He is a consultant for, and has received grants, speaker fees, honoraria from: Allergan, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Canon, NIHR, Roche, Heidelberg, Apellis, Boehringer-Ingelhei, RNIB and Topcon. He is CEO/Board member of Clin-e-cal, Visulise. Focke Ziemssen has received research grants from DFG, Acylerin, Bayer, Clearside, Kodiak, Johnson&Johnson, Novartis, Ophtea, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, speaker honoraria from Allergan/Abbvie, Bayer Healthcare, CME Health, Falk Foundation, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz and Sanofi and consulting fees from Allergan/Abbvie, Apellis, Alimera, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Roche/Genentech, Johnson&Johnson, NovoNordisk, MSD and Sandoz. Anat Loewenstein is a consultant for 4DMT, Abbvie, Adverum, Astellas, Aviceda, Bayer, Beyeonics, Boeringer Ingelheim, Eyepoint, NotalVision, Ocular Therapeutix, Oculis, Ocuphire, Opthea, Roche, Revenio, Voiant. Rajesh Nair has received sponsorship for attending educational meetings from Takeda, Lundbeck, Mdice and Jansen. Mhairi Thurston, Amanda Hawkins, and Avril Daly have nothing to disclose.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.