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Article History

Received: 24 March 2026

Accepted: 19 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Alessandro Marchese has nothing to disclose. Matteo Menean has nothing to disclose. Alessandro Bordato has nothing to disclose. Marco Battista has nothing to disclose. Giulio Modorati has nothing to disclose. Elisabetta Miserocchi has nothing to disclose. Riccardo Sacconi serves as a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, Novartis, and Zeiss. Francesco Bandello serves as a consultant for Allergan, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Fidia Sooft, Hofmann La Roche, Novartis, NTC Pharma, SIFI, Thrombogenics, and Zeiss. Giuseppe Querques serves as a consultant for Alimera Sciences, Allergan Inc., Amgen, Heidelberg, KBH, LEH Pharma, Lumithera, Novartis, Bayer Schering-Pharma, Sandoz, SIFI, Sooft-Fidia, and Zeiss. Giuseppe Querques is an Editorial Board member of Ophthalmology and Therapy. Giuseppe Querques was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript or in any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This retrospective study involves human participants and was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964, and its later amendments. All subjects provided informed consent to participate in the study and publication of the information. The ethics committee of IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele was notified about this study. According to Italian law, retrospective studies require the ethics committee to be notified, but do not require its approval. Written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design of the study.