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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 26 May 2026

First Online: 18 July 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: Laura M. Periman reports consulting, speaking, and advisory relationships with Alcon, Aldeyra Therapeutics, Allergan/AbbVie, Amgen, Azura Ophthalmics, Bausch + Lomb, Dompé, Eyedetec, Harrow, Jett, KALA BIO, Lumenis, Mallinckrodt, MD Elite, Myze, Nordic Pharma, NuSight Medical, NuVissa, Olympic Ophthalmics, Quench Method, Science Based Health, SCOPE, Sun Pharma, and Tarsus; serves as a principal investigator for studies sponsored by Alcon, Bausch + Lomb, KALA BIO, Lumenis, Olympic Ophthalmics, and Tarsus; and holds equity in Eyedetec, Harrow, Myze, NuSight Medical, and Quench Method. Cory J. Lappin reports consulting fees and/or honoraria from Alcon, Barti, Bausch + Lomb, Bruder Healthcare and M&S Technologies (Hilco Vision), EyePromise/PRN, Harrow, Lumenis, Norwood Device & Diagnostics, SCOPE Health, Sight Sciences, TearRestore, Tarsus, Dompé, and Viatris; serves on advisory boards for Bruder Healthcare and M&S Technologies (Hilco Vision), Eyenovia, EyePromise/PRN, Harrow, Myze, Nordic Pharma, Tarsus, and Vital Tears; participates on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Alcon and Bausch + Lomb; has received travel support from MJH Life Sciences/Physicians’ Education Resource; holds leadership roles with Optometric Physician, Eyes On Eyecare, Optometry 360, the Ohio Optometric Association, and the Arizona Optometric Association; and holds equity in Barti, Eyederm, Myze, and NuLids. Marguerite B. McDonald reports, as her only relevant conflict, receiving consulting fees and/or honoraria from Alcon as well as participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Alcon. Jade Coats reports service on advisory boards and/or speakers’ bureaus for AbbVie, Alcon, Bausch & Lomb, Dompé, Harrow, LENZ Therapeutics, Novaliq, Orasis Pharmaceuticals, Sun Pharma, Tarsus, Tenpoint Therapeutics, Thea, Trukera, Viatris, and Zeiss. Guruprasad R. Pattar reports no conflicts of interest. Tony Okoro is an employee of Alcon and reports holding stock or stock options in Alcon. Nathan Lighthizer reports consulting fees from OCuSOFT, Visionix, Virtual Vision, and Orasis Pharmaceuticals, and honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, or educational activities from Alcon, Bausch & Lomb, Sun Pharma, Tarsus, Innova Systems, AbbVie, Dompé, EyePromise, LKC, and Lumenis. Michelle Senchyna was an employee of Alcon at the time of the study and reports holding stock or stock options in Alcon. Lisa M. Nijm reports consulting, speaking, and advisory relationships with Alcon, Allergan, Amgen, Apellis, Astellas, Azura Ophthalmics, Bausch + Lomb, Bruder, BVI Medical, Dompé, Harrow, Johnson & Johnson Vision, Nordic Pharma, Ocular Therapeutix, Orasis Pharmaceuticals, Rayner, SCOPE Health, Sun Pharma, Tarsus, Trukera Medical, Thea, Viatris, Visus Therapeutics, Zeiss; has grants/contracts from Ocular Therapeutix; and holds leadership or fiduciary roles in Women in Ophthalmology, the Cornea Society, the American Academy of Ophthalmology Executives, and the UIC Ophthalmology Alumni Council.

Ethical Approval: Each study (COMET-1, NCT04498182; COMET-2, NCT05285644; COMET-3, NCT05360966) was performed in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, US Food and Drug Administration regulations, and the standard operating procedures of the sponsor and vendors participating in the conduct of the study. Written informed consent was provided by all patients prior to enrollment, and an institutional review board (Alpha Institutional Review Board, San Clemente, CA, USA; IRB00006205) approved all forms provided directly to the patient prior to their use. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not include any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.