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Authors
Pan, Xinyuan
Yin, Ziang
Zhang, Huina
Beaulieu, Wesley T.
Zou, Jinyou
Yang, Zhikuan
Cotter, Susan A.
Li, Xiaoning https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-557X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2023JJ70036)
Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province (No.2025RC9028)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2026
Accepted: 29 June 2026
First Online: 18 August 2026
Declarations
Conflicts of Interest: Xinyuan Pan, Ziang Yin, Huina Zhang, Wesley T. Beaulieu, Jinyou Zou, Zhikuan Yang, Susan A. Cotter, and Xiaoning Li have nothing to disclose.
Ethical Approval: Ethical approval (No. KYPJ056) was granted by Changsha Aier Eye Hospital’s medical ethics committee, which waived the requirement for informed consent due to the study’s retrospective design. This investigation complies with institutional ethical standards and adheres strictly to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
