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Article History

Received: 28 April 2026

Accepted: 10 July 2026

First Online: 27 July 2026

Declarations

Conflicts of Interest: None of the authors’ financial interests are directly or indirectly related to this work. Caroline M. Stüven has no financial disclosure to declare. Benedikt Schworm has received previous speaker fees of Novartis Pharma, Bayer Vital, Amgen. Tina Herold received previous Honoraria of Novartis, Bayer Healthcare, Abbvie, Roche, Novonordisk and travel expenses of Roche. Julian Klaas has received previous speaker fees and Advisory Honoraria for Novartis und Roche. Jakob Siedlecki is part of the advisory board and got honoraria of Novaris Pharma, Abbvie/Pharm-Allergan, Roche, Apellis, Sandoz/Hexal and he is part of the advisory board of Bayer. Paul Foerster has no financial disclosure to declare. Siegfried G. Priglinger is part of the advisory board and received previous honoraria of Novartis Pharma, Pharm Allergan, Zeiss, Bayer, Bausch and Lomb, Roche, AbbVie, he is a Consulant of BVI Medical, Bausch and Lomb, Roche and AbbVie. Leonie F. Keidel received previous speaker fees and/or travel expenses from Novartis Pharma, Recordati Rare Diseases Inc., CHIESI, Roche Diagnostics, DORC Holding BV and Santen.

Ethical Approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was classified as ethically and legally unobjectionable by the ethics committee of the LMU Munich (identifier: 25-0363). This retrospective study was conducted using anonymized patient data, and therefore, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the local ethics committee in accordance with applicable regulations.

Thanking Patients: We thank the participants of the study.