Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 22 August 2024

First Online: 29 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Matt J. Levy (MJL) is the uncompensated Chairperson of the nonprofit Stop the Bleed Coalition. MJL is a consultant for Stryker Medical Education and for Cresilon, Inc. Robert A. Sikorski has non-financial disclosure involving ACT Medical, based in Cambridge, United Kingdom. RAS is the chair of the Medical Advisory Board for ACT Medical.

: All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).

: The authors declare no competing interests.