Kraan, Marloes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-746X
Vandamme, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-863X
Lemey, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8181-1486
Giesbers, Else https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-6850
ten Napel, Chris https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0514-9370
Van Bogaert, Noémi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-0727
Aranda, Martin https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8916-3175
Steins, Nathalie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6362-342X
Mangi, Stephen C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-2612
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency)
Article History
Received: 17 July 2024
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
: This article is primarily based on a research study (van Bogaert et al. ) commissioned by the European Commission, European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) Unit D.3 – Sustainable Blue Economy. Funding was received under specific contract ‘EASME/EMFF/2018/011 Lot 1: Specific Contract No.6’ and ‘EASME/EMFF/2018/011 Lot 2 Specific Contract N0.7’. All authors were members of the contracted consortium. The authors have carried out the study and subsequent writing of this research article independently, and have no reason to declare a conflict of interest. Both the original report (van Bogaert et al. ) and this article reflect the views of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.