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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 1 December 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve any procedures, experiments, or actions that would require ethical approval, as no human participants, animals, or sensitive data were involved in the research.

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. They were fully informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw from participation at any time without any penalty.

: All participants involved in this study provided written informed consent for the publication of the research findings. They were informed about the purpose of the study, the potential implications of the results, and their right to withdraw at any stage without any consequences.

: The authors declare no competing interests.