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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (2327113)
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The author declares no competing interests.
: This manuscript benefited from editorial refinement using ChatGPT (OpenAI), under the authors’ direction and with full review and approval by the authors. The tool was used to improve clarity and readability; the authors take full responsibility for the content.
