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The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure and its association with chronic diseases and metabolic abnormalities: findings from the STEPS survey 2021

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-025-01732-3

Published Online: 2025-09-25

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Zarepour, Pardis https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9929-6259
Salehi, Sarmad https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7345-150X
Khojaste, Mohanna

Azizpour, Yosra

Khosravi, Sepehr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-0787
Yunesian, Masud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-7433
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-25

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-25
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Article History

Received: 11 May 2025

Accepted: 3 September 2025

First Online: 25 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethical Committee of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (IR.TUMS.EMRI.REC.1403.099).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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