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Authors
Han, Xuan
Guo, Xiaowei
Hou, Yuhang
Li, Xiaorui
Ma, Li
Zang, Xiaoying
Zhang, Xiangyu
Zhang, Xiaonan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Health Research Project (TJWJ2022QN024)
Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission (2023KJ052)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (23YJAZH189)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72304206)
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Article History
Received: 7 July 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Change Date: 21 November 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The equally contributed statement has been updated in this article
Declarations
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: All data gathered during this study were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics approved all NHANES protocols, and written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
