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Authors
Etty, Marie-Christine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-576X
Kuate Defo, Barthélémy
Abodo, Jacko
Acka, Felix Kouamé
Ankotche, Amos
Lokrou, Adrien
Moubarac, Jean-Claude
Blanchet, Rosanne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-9890
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
international mobility and short stay program outside Quebec from the International Office of the Université de Montréal
FRQS Junior 1 Investigator Award (https://doi.org/10.69777/331026)
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Health Research Ethical Review Panel of the Université de Montréal (CERSES #2021 − 1199) and the National Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences (CNESVS) of Côte d’Ivoire located at the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene (#143 − 21/MSHPCMU/CNESVS -km). The study was conducted with prior permission from the Direction de la Formation et de la Recherche en Santé (DFRS) at the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene in Côte d’Ivoire and the administration of the four healthcare centres studied. Confidentiality of information was assured at all levels of the study, providing separate identity numbers (IDs) to each record collected.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
