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Authors
Costello, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-9017
Goodrich, Jesse A.
Baumert, Brittney O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-8557
Li, Shiwen
Pan, Shudi
Patterson, William B.
Walker, Douglas I.
Rock, Sarah
Gilliland, Frank D.
Goran, Michael I.
Aung, Max T.
Eckel, Sandrah P.
Alderete, Tanya L.
Chen, Zhanghua
Conti, David V.
Chatzi, Lida
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern California
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Southern California (IRB # HS-13-00283 [MetaAIR study] and IRB # HS-19-00338 [MetaCHEM study]). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study. MetaAIR participants under age 18 provided written and verbal assent, and written informed consent was obtained from their guardian.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not Applicable.
: The study sponsor/funder was not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.
