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Authors
Abbasi, Muhammad Zulqarnain
Jan, Shayan Tariq
Khan, Haseeb Ahmad
Sheraz, Muhammad
Rehman, Anees Ur
Tareen, Wajahat Ullah Khan
Saeed, Muhammad Abid
Chuah, Teong Chee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6285-9481
Rehman, Obaid Ur
Jan, Waleed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Telekom Research & Development Sdn Bhd (RDTC/241149 & RDTC/231095)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240021)
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests with any party.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used the Grammarly tool to improve the English language and proofread the text. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the publication’s content.
