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Article History

Accepted: 23 August 2024

First Online: 28 September 2024

Declarations

:

: The JPAD trial and subsequent follow-up study were supported by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan (H16-Junkanki-004, H26-Iryo-Ippan-012, and H27-Junkanki-Ippan-001) and the Japan Heart Foundation.

: Hisao Ogawa reports lecturer's fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, JSR, Kowa, Takeda and Teijin. Hirofumi Soejima reports lecturer's fees from Kowa and Sumitomo Pharma. Sadanori Okada reports lecturer's fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Mochida, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sumitomo Dainippon, Taisho and Terumo. Izuru Masuda reports lecturer's fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Otsuka, Shionogi and Sumitomo Pharma, and manuscript fees from Omron. Hideaki Jinnouchi reports research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Novo Nordisk, Ono and Sanofi; lecturer's fees from Abbott, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Kowa, Kyowa Kirin, Mitsubishi Tanabe, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Ono, Otsuka, Sanofi, Sumitomo Dainippon, Sumitomo Pharma, Taisho and Takeda. Yoshihiko Saito reports research grants from Japan Lifeline, Kowa, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics and Terumo; non-purpose research grants from Chugai, Eli Lilly, Fuji Yakuhin, Kyowa Kirin, LSI, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Nihon Medi-Physics, Otsuka, Sumitomo Dainippon, Takeda, Teijin and Tsumura; lecturer's fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novartis, Otsuka and Toa Eiyo; and was a member of the Advisory Board for Boehringer Ingelheim. Takeshi Morimoto reports lecturer's fees from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Lifeline, Pfizer, Tsumura and UCB; manuscript fees from Pfizer; and was a member of the Advisory Board for GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis and Teijin. Naoko Masutani and Masako Waki have no conflicts of interest to declare that may be relevant to the contents of this study.

: NM: Formal analysis, investigation, visualization, and manuscript drafting. HO: Concept, investigation, funding acquisition, supervision, and critical revision of the manuscript. HS: Concept, data curation, investigation, and critical revision of the manuscript. SO: Concept, data curation, investigation, and critical revision of the manuscript. IM: Concept, investigation, validation, and critical revision of the manuscript. MW: Concept, data curation, investigation, and critical revision of the manuscript. HJ: Concept, data curation, investigation, and critical revision of the manuscript. YS: Concept, investigation, funding acquisition, supervision, and critical revision of the manuscript. TM: Concept, design, funding acquisition, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project administration, supervision, validation, visualization, and manuscript drafting.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to guidelines of ethical approval, but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data are located in a controlled access data repository at the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness ().