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Article History

Accepted: 15 December 2024

First Online: 11 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Conceptualization: S.Y.S. and S.W.C. Data curation: S.Y.S., Y.J.K., and S.W.C. Formal analysis: Y.J.K. Investigation: S.Y.S., S.C., and S.W.C. Methodology: S.Y.S. and Y.J.K. Project administration: S.W.C. and S.C. Supervision: S.C. and S.W.C. Writing-original draft: S.Y.S. Writing-review and editing: S.Y.S., S.C., and S.W.C. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

: S.W.C. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea as funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (2020R1C1C1015104).

: The authors are restricted from sharing the data underlying this study because the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) owns the data. Researchers can request access on the NHIS website (). Details of this process and a provision guide are available at ().

: This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the institutional review board of Myongji Hospital (no. 2020-03-016).

: The institutional review board of Myongji Hospital confirmed that the requirement for obtaining informed consent was not applicable because this study used anonymous administrative claim data.

: No data belonging to individuals are included in this manuscript.

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: Not applicable.