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Article History

Accepted: 15 February 2024

First Online: 18 March 2024

Declarations

:

: Conceptualization: AM, ER, EN. Methodology: AM, RM, MK, IP, JR, ML, KC, QY, ER, EN. Software: IP, JR, ML, KC. Validation: IP, JR, ML, KC. Formal analysis: RM, MK, IP, JR, ML, KC. Resources (Data Sources): AM, RM, ER, EN. Data curation: AM, RM, MK, IP, JR, ML, KC, ER, EN. Writing—original draft preparation: AM. Writing—review and editing: AM, RM, MK, JR, WG, IP, JR, ML, KC, QY, IV, CG, DA, ER, EN. Visualization (graphs): AM. Supervision: IV, ER, EN. Project administration: EN. Funding acquisition: EN. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

: No funding sources for this study.

: None to declare.

: This study was approved by the institutional ethics review board (#2021-6714).

: Data from ISQ (Institut de la statistique du Québec) is available following an extensive application and verification process of the study personnel. Due to confidentiality reasons, it cannot be shared outside of the approved research team. Data from CANUE (Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium) is available upon registering for a project and completing the according data use agreements. Data from Statistics Canada is publicly available online.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable, no individual patient data used in the manuscript.

: Not applicable, no individual patient data used in the manuscript.