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Article History

Accepted: 20 January 2025

First Online: 10 March 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was funded in part through the Shandong Province Taishan Scholar Project (tspd20230608 and tsqn201909141), the Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Dermatovenerology, and Joint Innovation Team for Clinical & Basic Research (202410).

: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form and no conflicts of interest to declare.

: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology (No. 20221223KYKTKS001).

: Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

: Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

: The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available due to reasons of sensitivity and are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data are located in controlled access data storage at Hospital for Skin Diseases, Shandong First Medical University.

: Not applicable.

: HL, and FRZ conceived the work. SC, PCH, HDL, TSC, and PYX followed the patients and contributed to data collection. WCL, SC and ZZW performed the statistical analyses. YXL, GZZ, and SLC performed pathology studies. BQY, YHS, QY, MW, ZXS, TSC, HL, and FRZ performed clinical studies. SC, WCL, ZZW and HL wrote and revised the manuscript. All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. Finally, all authors critically revised the manuscript.