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Article History

Accepted: 29 June 2025

First Online: 1 September 2025

Declarations

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: This literature review was wholly funded by Sanofi. Medical writing support provided by Lucid Group Communications Ltd, London, England, was also funded by Sanofi.

: Joseph F. Merola, M.D., MMSc is a consultant and/or investigator for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Abbvie, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Moonlake, Novartis, Janssen, UCB, Sanofi, Regeneron, Sun Pharma, Biogen, and Pfizer. Stephan Weidinger, M.D., PhD has received institutional research grants from LEO, Pfizer, and Sanofi; has been an advisor and/or received speakers' honoraria from AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Regeneron; and has participated in clinical trials of AbbVie, Almirall, AnaptysBio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GSK, Incyte, Janssen-Cilag, Kymab, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and UCB. Sally Tan, M.D., is an investigator for AbbVie, Sanofi, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Aristea, Regeneron, Innovaderm, Bayer, Incyte, and OASIS. Cori Gray, PharmD and Kassim Rahawi, PharmD are employees of Sanofi and may hold stock and/or stock options in the company.

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: Conception and design: Joseph Merola, Cori Gray, and Kassim Rahawi. Development of research questions and search strings: all authors. Analysis and interpretation of data: Joseph Merola, Stephen Weidinger, Sally Tan, and Cori Gray. Manuscript writing: all authors. Approval of final article: all authors.