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Article History

Received: 23 March 2025

Accepted: 11 August 2025

First Online: 26 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7242109), National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-092), Beijing Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project, National Key Clinical Specialty Project of China, and Peking Union Medical College Hospital Talent Cultivation Program Category D (UHB11983).

: Yuyan Yang, Chao Wu, Xinyuan Zhang, Chenyang Yu, Hanlin Zhang, and Hongzhong Jin have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Approval I-22PJ869).

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its additional files. The EPICS is currently available as a web-based system ().

: Not applicable.

: YYY, CW, and XYZ contributed equally to this work. YYY and HZJ had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. All authors have read and approved the final version. Concept and design: YYY and HZJ. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: all authors. Drafting of the manuscript: YYY, XYZ, and CW. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all authors. Statistical analysis: YYY, XYZ, and CYY. Obtained funding: HZJ and, CW. Administrative, technical, or material support: YYY, CW, CYY, and HLZ. Supervision: HZJ.