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Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 22 February 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Declarations

:

: César Ferreira has no conflicts of interest. Tiago Torres has received consultancy and/or speaker’s honoraria from and/or participated in clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Amgen, Almirall, Apogee, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Fresenius-Kabi, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Oruka, Pfizer, Samsung-Bioepis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Sandoz, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB. Tiago Torres is an Editorial Board member of American Journal of Clinical Dermatology . Tiago Torres was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for this manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: Not applicable. This article is a narrative review of published literature and does not involve original studies with human participants or animals.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable. All data discussed in this review are derived from previously published sources, which are cited in the reference list.

: Not applicable.

: CF contributed to the conception of the review, literature search, data interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript. TT contributed to the conception and supervision of the work, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, and final approval. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.