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Authors
Vipulaguna, Nisal https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9857-774X
Abdulkader, Ferdos https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9080-4487
Patin, Eryn
Rao, Saroja https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5113-939X
Elbuluk, Nada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5956-4404
Kourosh, Arianne Shadi
Mohammad, Tasneem F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1374-1815
Rodrigues, Michelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9747-1882
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Melbourne
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 19 July 2026
First Online: 21 August 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: Nada Elbuluk has served as a consultant, advisory board member, and/or speaker for Incyte, La Roche Posay, Beiersdorf, Allergan, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda, AbbVie, Janssen, Sanofi, L’Oréal, McGraw Hill, Dior, Medscape, Kao USA, SkinCeuticals, Veradermics, Canfield, Kenvue, and Teva. She has grant funding from Pfizer and Eli Lilly, has received royalties from McGraw-Hill, and has stock options in VisualDx. Tasneem F. Mohammad reports being an investigator for Incyte, Pfizer, Clinuvel, Mitsubishi Tanabe, and Disc Medicine; a consultant for Kenvue and Beiersdorf, and has served on an advisory board for AbbVie, Incyte, and Disc Medicine. Nisal Vipulaguna, Ferdos Abdulkader, Eryn Patin, Saroja Rao, Arianne Shadi Kourosh, and Michelle Rodrigues have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.
Ethics approval: Not applicable.
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication of clinical images was obtained from participants.
Availability of data and material: Not applicable.
Code availability: Not applicable.
Authors’ contributions: NV: methodology, literature review, manuscript writing, revision, preparation. FA: literature review, manuscript writing, revision, provision of clinical photographs. EP: literature review, manuscript writing, revision. SR: literature review, manuscript writing, revision. NE: revision. ASK: revision. TFM: revision. MR: conceptualization, methodology, revision, provision of clinical photographs, supervision. All authors read and approved the final version.
