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Article History

Accepted: 17 October 2023

First Online: 28 November 2023

Declarations

:

: The study was carried out as part of an Innovate UK Knowledge Transfer Partnership (012321) between the University of Glasgow and BioClavis Limited, which part funded Janet Bouttell, Neil Hawkins, Karin Oien, John Goodlad and Stephan von Delft. Innovate UK had no role in the design, conduct or reporting of the analysis.

: Bruce Seligmann is a shareholder and employee of BioClavis Limited’s parent company, BioSpyder Inc. Pam McKay declares consulting fees/honoraria from Roche, Gilead, KITE, Takeda, Janssen, Beigene, BMS/Celgene and Incyte and conference/travel support from Gilead, Takeda and Janssen. She also declares lecture fees from Janssen, Beigene and Kitex. Janet Bouttell, Heather Fraser, John R. Goodlad, David Hopkins, Karin A. Oien, Stephan von Delft and Neil Hawkins have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: No data were generated as a result of this study. Excel-based models are available on request from the corresponding author. Data used in this study are publicly available and referenced in the text with the exception of the West of Scotland aggressive large B-cell lymphoma cohort data. These cohort data are subject to UK National Health Service data governance.

: No code was generated as a result of this study.

: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JB and DH. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JB and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.