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Article History

Accepted: 20 August 2024

First Online: 27 September 2024

Declarations

:

: S.K. and P.L. conducted the main analysis and interpretation of the data, drafted the manuscript, and took responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. P.L. and S.K. conceived and designed the study. Data collection and analysis were performed by J.P. and K.P. Moreover, O.S. and V.S. provided clinical opinions and policy implications. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: Open access funding provided by Mahidol University. This study was supported by the Siriraj Research Developmental Fund, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University [grant no. (IO) R016532007]. This manuscript represents the views of the authors. The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or the preparation of the manuscript.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Siriraj Hospital institutional review board [certificate of Approval (CoA) no. Si 802/2021].

: Written informed consent was provided by study participants and all participating caregivers of participating children.

: The study participants and the participating caregivers of participating children consented to their data being used for publication.

: Data used in this study were retrieved from both published and unpublished literature; data and sources of data are provided in Appendix 2: Model input parameters. The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: The model used in this study was provided to the journal’s peer reviewers for their reference when reviewing the manuscript. The details of the model are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.