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Article History

Accepted: 29 August 2024

First Online: 25 September 2024

Declarations

:

: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

: Ethical approval was not sought for the present study because it did not directly involve human participants. This study was completed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013.

: Informed consent was not sought for the present study because it was an analysis of routine clinical data.

: This study is an observational retrospective study with no patient-identifiable data, therefore consent from patients is not required, and has not been sought.

: This report does not contain patient-identifiable data. Data in this report are anonymised. The underlying HES data cannot be made available directly by the authors as the data were obtained under licence/data sharing agreement from NHS Digital. HES data are available from NHS Digital upon application. No custom code or mathematical algorithms have been used in this study.

: Not applicable.

: This study was designed and organised by JK, EO, MVH, TWRB and WKG. Data cleaning, analysis and writing of the first draft was by JK and EO supported by WKG. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript and agreed to submission of the final draft.