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Article History

Accepted: 8 January 2025

First Online: 6 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) operating grant (MOP-130354) and the CIHR Project Grants (PJI-184005 and PJT-191804) are gratefully acknowledged. Yue Niu would like to thank scholarship from the University of Western Ontario (Western Graduate Research Scholarship). This study was supported by ICES, which is funded by an annual grant from the Ontario Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Long-Term Care (MLTC). This study was completed at the ICES Western site, where core funding is provided by the Academic Medical Organisation of Southwestern Ontario (AMOSO), the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry (SSMD), Western University, and the Lawson Health Research Institute (LHRI).

: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.

: The use of data in this study was authorised under Section 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act, which does not require review by a Research Ethics Board.

: Not applicable. However, Statistics Canada obtained ethics approval and consent of survey respondents which were required to link their survey information with health administrative records. The actual linkage was performed by designated ICES staff. All the data were deidentified, and the research followed established ICES protocols to comply with privacy requirements for analysis and release of the statistical results.

: Not applicable.

: The dataset from this study is held securely in coded form at ICES. While legal data sharing agreements between ICES and data providers (e.g., healthcare organisations and government) prohibit ICES from making the dataset publicly available, access may be granted to those who meet pre-specified criteria for confidential access, available at www. ices. on. ca/ DAS/ (email: das@ices.on.ca). The statistical analysis plans are available from the corresponding author upon request, understanding that the computer programs may rely upon coding templates or macros that are unique to ICES.

: The Stata syntax to run various models are available from the corresponding author upon request.

: Conceptualisation (Sisira Sarma, Guangyong Zou, Yue Niu); methodology (Sisira Sarma, Guangyong Zou, Yue Niu); formal analysis and investigation (Yue Niu, Sisira Sarma); writing—original draft preparation (Nazire Begen, Sisira Sarma, Yue Niu); writing—review and editing (all authors); resources (Sisira Sarma); supervision (Sisira Sarma, Guangyong Zou).