Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 3 February 2025

First Online: 23 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This work was supported by the Independent Innovation Fund of Tianjin University (2022XHX-0024).

: The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

: According to ethical review methods for human biomedical research issued by the Ministry of Health in China, the scientific research department of Tianjin University, which is responsible for the ethics review, ruled that no formal ethics approval was required in this case.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Detailed data on the parameter settings and performance results of the analyses in the submitted work can be found in the Supplementary Material.

: Program code files used for data simulation and analyses in the submitted work can be accessed at .

: Ying Liu carried out study conceptualization and design, methodology, data curation, data analysis, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing; Xiaoning He carried out study conceptualization and design, writing—review and editing, and project administration; Jia Liu carried out study conceptualization and design, methodology, and writing—review and editing; Jing Wu carried out study conceptualization and design, writing—review, and project administration.