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Authors
Xie, Shitong
Hong, Tianqi
Geng, Jialu
Luo, Chang
Fang, Haoran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72404205, 72174142)
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (23JCQNJC01650)
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Article History
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 18 August 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 72404205 and no. 72174142) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (Grant no. 23JCQNJC01650).
: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
: Concept and design: SX and TH. Acquisition of data: SX, TH, JG, CL, and HF. Analysis and interpretation of data: SX, TH, JG, CL, and HF. Drafting of the manuscript: SX, JG, CL, and HF. Statistical analysis: SX, JG, CL, and HF. Obtaining funding: SX. Supervision: JW. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript.
: No conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.
: No ethical approval is required for this study.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: All data referenced in this paper are available via the included studies.
: Not applicable.
