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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 10 February 2026

First Online: 4 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The respondent-level DCE microdata are under restricted access. The dataset is registered on Zenodo at . Researchers who wish to use the microdata must obtain written permission from the author and sign a data-use agreement. Please email alasker0807@gmail.com with a brief description of the proposed use.

: The author declares that there are no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines. Data were de-identified and analyzed under the ethical approval provided by Ritsumeikan University.

: Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the research, and participation was voluntary, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the data.

: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

: The econometric analysis, including the mixed-logit estimations and policy simulations, was implemented in RStudio. The specific analysis code used to generate the results in this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

: Yi GONG was responsible for the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Yi GONG. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Yi GONG, and the author read and approved the final manuscript.