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Article History

Accepted: 20 March 2023

First Online: 31 May 2023

Declarations

:

: No funding was received for the preparation of this article.

: JHS has an equity interest in Istari Oncology, which has licensed intellectual property from Duke related to the use of poliovirus and D2C7 in the treatment of glioblastoma. JHS is an inventor on patents related to the PEP-CMV DC vaccine with tetanus, as well as the poliovirus vaccine and D2C7 in the treatment of glioblastoma. JHS has an equity interest in Annias Immunotherapeutics, which has licensed intellectual property from Duke related to the use of the pepCMV vaccine in the treatment of glioblastoma. MK reports research funding from the institutions: BMS, AbbVie, Daiichi Sankyo, BioNTech, Celldex, Astellas, and CNS Pharmaceuticals and honoraria from JAX lab for genomic research, Johnson and Johnson, Voyager Therapeutics, and George Clinical. SEZ, EM, KS, AM, MS, MAS, KH, SS, and WL have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: MK and WL conceptualized and designed the work, SEZ wrote the original draft and revised it, MK, EM, and KS edited and improved the first version of the manuscript, and AM, MS, MAS, KH, SS, WL, JHS, and MK subsequently revised the manuscript. SEZ and AM developed the figures, which were revised with input from all authors. MK supervised and proposed methodology, all authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.