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Article History

Accepted: 10 December 2024

First Online: 11 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted as part of the authors’ regular employment duties at the French National Health Insurance (CNAM), the French National Agency for Medicines, and Health Products Safety (ANSM). No additional external funding was received for this specific study. As no external funding was received for this study, there were no external funders involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or report writing, or the decision to submit the paper for publication.

: Nadia Haddy, Hugo Jourdain, David Desplas, Marion Bertrand, Marie-Joelle Jabagi, Claire Rives-Lange, and Mahmoud Zureik have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

: EPI-PHARE has permanent regulatory access to the data from the French National Health Data System (SNDS) via its constitutive bodies ANSM and CNAM, in application of the provisions of the French Decree No. 2016-1871 of 26 December, 2016 relating to the processing of personal data called the “National Health Data System” 15, the French law articles Art. R. 1461-1316 and R. 1461-1417 from the French Public Health Code, and the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) decision CNIL-2016-316.18. In accordance with the permanent regulatory access granted to EPI-PHARE via ANSM and CNAM, this work did not require any specific opinion from the French Ethical and Scientific Committee for Research, Studies and Evaluations health (CESREES) nor approval from the CNIL. All requests in the database were made by duly authorized people. The study was registered on the study register of EPI-PHARE concerning studies from SNDS data under the reference T-2023-12-488.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The French National Health Data System (SNDS) is a strictly anonymous database set, including all mandatory health insurance reimbursement data of the French population, in particular data from the processing of healthcare reimbursements (electronic or paper treatment sheet) and data from health establishments (PMSI). In accordance with data protection legislation and the French regulation, the authors are not allowed to release or make public the data from the SNDS. However, any person or structure, public or private, for-profit or non-profit is able to access SNDS data in order to carry out a study, research, or an evaluation in the public interest, upon authorization from the French Data Protection Office (CNIL), via the French Health Data Hub (). All information for the data subject is available on the EPI-PHARE website at .

: Not applicable.

: Literature search: NH, HJ, CRL. Study design: NH, HJ. Data extraction and collection: HJ and DD. Statistical analysis: HJ. Interpretation of the results: NH, CRL, HJ. Drafting of the manuscript: NH, CRL, HJ. Revision of the manuscript: all. Supervision: NH and MZ. HJ, NH, and MZ confirm that they had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. HJ, NH, and MZ had final responsibility for the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.