Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

:

: No funding was involved in the preparation of the article.

: SSC has no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the article. She has received travel expenses from Merck. EM has received travel support from Novartis, Merck, and BMS. PV holds stocks or stock options and has received consultancy fees, from Bionure and Oculis, Spiral Therapeutics, Attune Neurociences, Adhera Health, Accure Therapeutics, QMENTA, Clarity Health technologies, Telara Pharma SL, Nimbus Therapeutics, and CLight. JEMR has participated as principal investigator in pharmaceutical company-sponsored clinical trials, including Novartis, Roche, Merck-Serono, Actelion, and Celgene, and received personal fees for consulting services and lectures from Novartis, Biogen-Idec, Sanofi, and Merck-Serono.

: Available from the authors upon request.

: This review did not require ethics review or approval.

: There were no participants.

: There were no participants.

: There was no code in this article.

: SS: conceptualization, literature review, drawing illustrations, and drafting the article. EM: conceptualization and manuscript review. PV: conceptualization and manuscript review. JEM-R: conceptualization and manuscript review.