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Article History

First Online: 6 September 2018

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: No funding was provided for the present spontaneous research. Daiichi Sankyo funded the editorial technical language assistance in the manuscript preparation, according to the journal guidelines, and the open access fee for this manuscript.

: The authors provide a full disclosure of real or perceived conflicts of interest as related to the specific content of this article. The opinions expressed in this article reflect the opinions of the authors. Giovanni Fazio, MD: no conflict to disclose. Ilaria Dentamaro, MD: payment as an individual for consulting fees from Daiichi Sankyo. Rosanna Gambacurta, MD: employee in the Medical Department of Daiichi Sankyo Italy. Pasquale Alcamo, MD: no conflict to disclose. Paolo Colonna, MD: co-author of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on atrial fibrillation (version 2010) and has received honoraria and institutional funds for trials from Bayer, Boehringer, Pfizer, and Daichii-Sankyo.

: All procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration (and its amendments), and the institutional review board approved the study with data retrospectively obtained by analyzing the reports of patients included in the Italian Registry of Drugs (AIFA registry), with a written informed consent obtained from patients, parents, or caregivers.