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Article History

Accepted: 3 July 2023

First Online: 17 July 2023

Declarations

:

: Hee-Taik Kang received a research Grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (grant number: 2021R1G1A1006485).

: Y. Kim, S-J. Shin, J-w. Lee, Y-S. Kim, H-S. You, J. Kim, and H-T. Kang declared no conflicts of interest: no affiliations with or involvement in any organization relevant to the submitted work, no financial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work, and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

: The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Chungbuk National University Hospital (CBNUH 2021-12-014) and conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Need for written consent was waived because all data were fully anonymized and provided by the Korean National Health insurance service.

: Not applicable.

: Data used in this research are available if researchers who want to deal with the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database get permission from Korean NHIS. The data sets are available through approval and oversight by the Korean National Health Insurance Service [REQ202201018-001(NHIS--)].

: Not applicable.

: All authors made substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work. YK designed the study, managed data, interpreted statistical data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. S-JS managed data, performed the statistical analysis, and wrote the statistical draft. J-wL, Y-SK, and H-SY made substantial contributions to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work. JK and H-TK contributed to concept development, designed the study protocol, and interpreted data. They are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.