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Article History

Accepted: 4 August 2024

First Online: 7 September 2024

Declarations

:

: Open access funding provided by SCELC, Statewide California Electronic Library Consortium. This investigator-initiated study was funded by Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. No branded products or services are discussed in this manuscript. The analyses and manuscript were conducted and prepared solely by the investigators. The Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education (CS-CORE) is supported by The Marc and Sheri Rapaport Fund for Digital Health Sciences & Precision Health.

: Ulysses S. Rosas: No relevant disclosures; Christopher V. Almario, MD, MSHPM: Consulted for Exact Sciences, Greenspace Labs, Owlstone Medical, and Salix Pharmaceuticals; grants to his institution from Freenome; stock options in My Total Health; Kyung-Sang Yu, MD, PhD, MBA: No relevant disclosures; Brennan M.R. Spiegel, MD, MSHS: Consulted for Ardelyx, Exact Sciences, Ferring; leadership roles in the American College of Gastroenterology (Governor for Southern California); research grants to his institution from Abbvie, Amgen, Ironwood, Salix/Bausch, Takeda; patents for My Nutrition Health, digital manometry, AbStats sensor; co-founder of VRx Health.

: Not applicable; this economic analysis was exempt from review by the Cedars-Sinai Institutional Review Board as it used de-identified, publicly available data without involving direct interaction with human subjects or identifiable private information.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated during and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: <i>Christopher V. Almario, MD, MSHPM; Brennan M.R. Spiegel, MD, MSHS</i>: substantial contributions to the conception and design of the work; acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work; drafting the work and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published. <i>Ulysses S. Rosas, MD; Kyung-Sang Yu, MD, PhD, MBA</i>: substantial contributions to the design of the work; acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data for the work; drafting the work and revising it critically for important intellectual content; final approval of the version to be published.