Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 19 December 2024

First Online: 11 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The study did not receive any special grant or funding from agencies in public, commercial, or not-for profit sectors. Dr. Leonard’s work was partly supported by grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (5-R01-AG060975 and 2-R01-AG060975).

: Dr. Leonard recently received honoraria from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Foundation, the Scientific and Data Coordinating Center for the US NIDDK-funded Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, and the Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research. Dr. Leonard is a special government employee of the US Food and Drug Administration and has consulted for their Reagan-Udall Foundation. Dr. Leonard consults for Novo Nordisk and TriNetX. Dr. Leonard’s spouse is an employee of Merck; neither Dr. Leonard nor his spouse owns stock in the company. The results of this study do not represent the views of the US federal government or the VHA. None of the other authors have any relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Aggregated data have been provided with this study. No additional patient-specific data will be disclosed, in accordance with the VHA patient privacy policy.

: Not applicable.

: The primary and senior authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the research project and to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. The primary and senior authors contributed toward the drafting of the initial manuscript, and all authors offered comments to the previous versions for important intellectual content. The final draft of the manuscript was written by Tanvi Patil (primary author). All authors have agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

: This was an observational study and did not require ethical approval as per the Salem VA Ethics Committee. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: This study was reviewed and exempted by the institutional review board committee and privacy officer of Salem Veterans Affair Health Care System (SVAHCS) and did not require informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study.

: Not applicable.