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Article History

Accepted: 28 May 2025

First Online: 28 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Our study was not supported by any grants or external funding.

: S.P. reports receiving professional fees from Becton Dickinson for consulting work on philanthropic activities outside the submitted work. E.O. no conflict. A.H. no conflict. M.B. no conflict. I.M. no conflict. G.K. no conflict. N.B. no conflict. S.N. no conflict. O.G. no conflict. The Anticoagulation Clinic obtained rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) from Bayer East Africa Limited as part of a Rivaroxaban Access Program. There was no contribution (financial or otherwise) from the company in terms of data collection, manuscript writing and submission.

: This study did not require ethics approval, as it involved secondary analysis of de-identified, aggregate data and did not involve human subjects. Clinical data used in the analysis were drawn from a previously approved observational study conducted by our research group, which received ethics approval from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital’s Internal Review Board. No new data were collected, and all analyses complied with national research ethics guidelines in Kenya.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The data and code that support the findings of this study are available in a public data repository on GitHub [], DOI reference: .

: Clinical data used to determine event rates and ultimately transition state probabilities are available upon request.

: E.O. participated in conceiving the study, literature search, data analysis, interpretation of the data, writing and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, and final approval of the manuscript submitted. S.P. participated in conceiving the study, interpretation of the data, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, and final approval of the manuscript submitted. A.H. and M.B. participated in data analysis, interpretation of the data, critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, and final approval of the manuscript submitted. I.M., G.K., N.B., S.N., and O.G. participated in interpreting results, providing critical revisions, and final approval of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of manuscript and are accountable for the work.