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Authors
Qiu, Tingting
Li, Ping
Yan, Dan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130112)
Youth Beijing Scholar (2022-051)
Key Discipline of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (zyyzdxk-2023003)
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Article History
Accepted: 29 June 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study received funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82130112), Youth Beijing Scholar (2022-051), and Key Discipline of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (zyyzdxk-2023003).
: All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
: The present study did not involve a direct collection of primary data from humans or animals by any investigator. Therefore, ethics approval was not required.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The major inputs used to parametrize the model are included in the main article. Supporting information is provided as Electronic Supplementary Material.
: Not applicable.
: Tingting Qiu and Ping Li collected the data, built the Markov model, carried out the statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript. Dan Yan designed the study, corrected the manuscript draft, prepared the final version, and submitted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
