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Article History

Accepted: 28 July 2025

First Online: 3 September 2025

Declarations

:

: AM received an unrestricted grant from ROCHE Italy for the preparation and revision of this paper. MBe, MBu, and RT are employees of Roche S.p.A., a pharmaceutical company that may have an interest in the subject matter of this manuscript. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of Roche S.p.A. The company had no role in the model design, data interpretation, or manuscript drafting beyond the affiliations of the named authors. AR has no conflicts of interest relevant to this work.

: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Ethics approval was not required for this study as it is based solely on previously published data and does not involve any direct patient contact, intervention, or access to individual patient-level information.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The code is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: All authors contributed to the study conception. AM, MBe, and AR developed the study design. AM conducted the statistical analysis and derived the analytical results. AM and MBe wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.