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Article History

Accepted: 29 July 2025

First Online: 15 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Paolo Sciattella, Matteo Scortichini, and Alfredo Muni have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Orazio Caffo has received honoraria as a speaker or advisor for Advanced Accelerator Applications, Astra Zeneca, Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, Ipsen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Recordati. Marco Maccauro has received advisor honoraria from Advanced Accelerator Applications, Novartis, and Boston Scientific. Francesco Panzuto has received advisor honoraria from Mylan (Viatris), Advanz Pharma, Novartis, Camurus, and Ipsen, and has non-financial interests in the following: AIOM, author of NET guidelines; ENETS, chair of the advisory board; Itanet, chief of the society.

: According to the rules from the Italian Medicines Agency (available from ), retrospective studies using administrative databases do not require ethics committee protocol approval.

: According to the General Authorization for the Processing of Personal Data for Scientific Research Purposes issued by the Italian Privacy Authority on 10 August, 2018 (available from ), this study was exempt from informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: The SAS code is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Study conception and design: PS, MS, OC, MM, AM, FP; analysis and interpretation of results: PS, MS, OC, MM, AM, FP; draft manuscript preparation: PS, MS, OC, MM, AM, FP. All authors read and approved the final version and agree to be accountable for the work.