Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 29 July 2025

First Online: 3 September 2025

Declarations

:

: M.B.S. was formerly employed by Supernus Pharmaceuticals Inc. B.Y. and J.R. are currently employed by Supernus Pharmaceuticals Inc. T.R., J.N., and V.M. are consultants and/or advisory board members for Supernus Pharmaceuticals Inc. J.N. is also a consultant for Hippo T&C, Lumos, MindTension, NFL, and OnDosis; an advisory board member for Medice, Mind Tension, OnDosis, Otsuka; and receives research support from Otsuka. V.M. is also a consultant for AbbVie/Allergan, Acadia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Alfasigma, USA, Inc., AlkernesInc., Axsome, Eisai, Ironshore, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Janssen, H. Lundbeck A/S, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, NovenPharmaceuticals Inc., Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., Sage Pharmaceuticals, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. T.R. is also a consultant with Cambridge Cognition, has a research grant with Shionogi, and receives editorial honoraria from Springer-Nature and Elsevier.

: Not applicable.

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: J.R., M.B.S., and B.Y. conceptualized and designed the review. M.B.S., B.Y., and T.W.R. conducted the literature search. M.B.S., B.Y., T.W.R., and V.M. drafted the initial manuscript. V.M. was not able to review or approve the final version of the manuscript, as he sadly passed away prior to the revision stage. His inclusion as a co-author was approved by his family in recognition of his contributions to the original submission. All remaining authors critically reviewed the manuscript, read and approved the final submitted manuscript, and agree to be accountable for the work.