Document is current

Article History

Accepted: 19 August 2025

First Online: 5 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Kevin Trimm, Maria-Teresa Moraga, Bärbel Knäuper, Elham Rahme, Emily Gibson McDonald, and Robyn Tamblyn have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.

: Ethics approval for this research was granted by the McGill REB Office (study # A01-B02-02A), the Capitale Nationale Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre (study # 2011-2012-14), and the West-Central Montreal Integrated University Health and Social Services Centre (study # 16-100). Research was conducted in accordance with the standards of ethics outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Consent was obtained from all patients and physicians who participated in this research.

: Not applicable.

: The data used in this study are patient electronic health records and therefore cannot be shared openly to protect study participant privacy. The code used to process and analyze the data is available upon request. Please address requests for data or code to Dr. Robyn Tamblyn (robyn.tamblyn@mcgill.ca).

: Not applicable.

: KT: primary manuscript author. M-TM: data analysis. BK: manuscript reviewer and author. ER: manuscript reviewer and author. EGM: manuscript reviewer and author. RT: primary manuscript reviewer and author. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript and have agreed to be accountable for their work.