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Authors
Zhu, Kejia
Li, Hang
Zhang, Hui
Zhou, Zongke
Shen, Bin
Nie, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-379X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sichuan Provincial International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation (2025YFHZ0110)
National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFB4606700)
1·3·5 projects for Artificial Intelligence West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYAI24038)
1·3·5 project for disciplines of excellence–Clinical Research Fund, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2023HXFH024)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: Kejia Zhu, Hang Li, Hui Zhang, Zongke Zhou, Bin Shen, and Yong Nie declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: Conceptualisation, Kejia Zhu, Hui Zhang and Hang Li; Data curation, Kejia Zhu, Hui Zhang and Yong Nie; Formal analysis, Zongke Zhou and Yong Nie; Funding acquisition, Yong Nie; Methodology, Kejia Zhu, Hui Zhang and Yong Nie; Project administration, Zongke Zhou, Bin Shen and Yong Nie; Resources, Bin Shen and Yong Nie; Software, Kejia Zhu and Hang Li; Supervision, Zongke Zhou, Bin Shen and Yong Nie; Validation, Yong Nie; Visualisation, Kejia Zhu and Hang Li; Writing—original draft, Kejia Zhu, Hui Zhang and Hang Li; Writing—review & editing, Zongke Zhou, Bin Shen and Yong Nie. All authors read and approved the final version and agree to be accountable for the work.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
: Not applicable.
