Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 16 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Jiah Kim, Nayoung Han, Hyunji Koo, Younghwa Kim, Eun Jung Hwang, and In-hwan Baek declare that they have no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript. Christine E. Staatz is an Editorial Board member of Clinical Drug Investigation. Christine E. Staatz was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for this manuscript nor in any of the subsequent editorial decisions.

: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (RS-2025-00557741, RS-2025-16066707). The funding body had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or writing of the manuscript.

: Conceptualization: Jiah Kim, In-hwan Baek; Data curation: Jiah Kim, Nayoung Han, In-hwan Baek; Formal analysis: Jiah Kim, Nayoung Han, In-hwan Baek; Funding acquisition: Younghwa Kim; Investigation: Jiah Kim, Nayoung Han, Hyunji Koo, Younghwa Kim, Eun Jung Hwang, Min-Soo Kim, Christine E. Staatz, In-hwan Baek; Methodology: Jiah Kim, Nayoung Han, In-hwan Baek; Software: Jiah Kim, Nayoung Han, In-hwan Baek; Supervision: Nayoung Han, Hyunji Koo, Younghwa Kim, Eun Jung Hwang, Min-Soo Kim, Christine E. Staatz; Validation: Nayoung Han, Hyunji Koo, Younghwa Kim, Eun Jung Hwang, Min-Soo Kim, Christine E. Staatz; Writing – original draft: Jiah Kim, In-hwan Baek; Writing – review & editing: Nayoung Han, Hyunji Koo, Younghwa Kim, Eun Jung Hwang, Min-Soo Kim, Christine E. Staatz. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.