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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Giuseppe Musumeci reports receiving personal fees from Abbott Vascular, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Menarini, Medtronic, Sanofi, and Servier. Lorenzo Pradelli is a co-owner and employee of AdRes, which has received project funding from Sanofi Italy. Massimiliano Povero is an employee of AdRes, which has received project funding from Sanofi Italy. Kelly Lee is a Sanofi employee and may hold shares and/or stock options in the company

: Not applicable as no humans or animals were enrolled in this study.

: Not applicable as no humans or animals were enrolled in this study.

: Not applicable.

: No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. All data used in this analysis are reported in the main article or in the ESM.

: Not applicable.

: All authors had full access to the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: all authors. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of the data: MP. Drafting of the manuscript: MP. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: GM, LP, and KL. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for the work.