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Article History

First Online: 8 March 2018

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: Stein Schalkwijk, Rob ter Heine, Angela C. Colbers, Alwin D.R. Huitema, Paolo Denti, Kelly E. Dooley, Edmund Capparelli, Brookie M. Best, Tim R. Cressey, Rick Greupink, Frans G.M. Russel, Mark Mirochnick, and David M. Burger declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: Funding was received for some of the individual clinical trials from which data were used in this project (listed below); however, the current study did not receive any specific funding. The PANNA network is funded by NEAT/PENTA, BMS, Merck, ViiV Healthcare, and Janssen Pharmaceutica; the 2NN study was sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim; and the Tshepiso study was funded by a Grant (R01HD064354) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; Principal Investigator, Richard Chaisson). Overall support for the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network (IMPAACT) was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under award numbers UM1AI068632 (IMPAACT LOC), UM1AI068616 (IMPAACT SDMC), and UM1AI106716 (IMPAACT LC), with co-funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The content of this study is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.